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Thomas of Bayeux
Thomas of Bayeux (died 1100) was Archbishop of York from 1070 until 1100. He was educated at Liège and became a royal chaplain to Duke William of Normandy, who later became King William I of England. After the Norman Conquest, the king nominated Thomas to succeed Ealdred as Archbishop of York. After Thomas' election, Lanfranc, Archbishop of Canterbury, demanded an oath from Thomas to obey him and any future Archbishops of Canterbury; this was part of Lanfranc's claim that Canterbury was the primary bishopric, and its holder the head of the English Church. Thomas countered that York had never made such an oath. As a result, Lanfranc refused to consecrate him. The King eventually persuaded Thomas to submit, but Thomas and Lanfranc continued to clash over ecclesiastical issues, including the primacy of Canterbury, which dioceses belonged to the province of York, and the question of how York's obedience to Canterbury would be expressed.
After King William I's death Thomas served his successor, William II, and helped to put down a rebellion led by Thomas' old mentor Odo of Bayeux. Thomas also attended the trial for rebellion of the Bishop of Durham, William de St-Calais, Thomas' sole suffragan, or bishop subordinate to York. During William II's reign Thomas once more became involved in the dispute with Canterbury over the primacy when he refused to consecrate the new Archbishop of Canterbury, Anselm, if Anselm was named the Primate of England in the consecration service. After William II's sudden death in 1100, Thomas arrived too late to crown King Henry I, and died soon after the coronation.
==Early life==
Thomas is sometimes referred to as Thomas I to distinguish him from his nephew Thomas, who was also an Archbishop of York. The elder Thomas' father was a priest〔Barlow ''William Rufus'' pp. 198–199〕 named Osbert; his mother was named Muriel, but little else of them is known.〔Douglas ''William the Conqueror'' p. 129〕 He had a brother named Samson, who was Bishop of Worcester from 1086 until 1112.〔 He was of Norman descent.〔 Under the patronage of Odo, Bishop of Bayeux, both boys were sent to Liège for their education.〔〔Barlow ''English Church'' p. 250〕 Thomas may also have studied with Lanfranc in Normandy while the latter was teaching at the Abbey of Bec,〔Cowdrey "Thomas" ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography''〕〔Vaughn ''Anselm of Bec and Robert of Meulan'' pp. 32–33〕 and some scholars contend that he also studied in Germany and Spain.〔Welborn "Lotharingia as a Center of Arabic" ''Isis'' pp. 197–198〕 Thomas then returned to Normandy to become one of Bishop Odo's officials and a chaplain, or secretary.〔Chibnall ''Anglo-Norman England'' pp. 126–127〕 He was a canon and the treasurer of Bayeux Cathedral as well as a member of Duke William's ducal clergy before the Norman Conquest of England. The new King named him a royal clerk after the Battle of Hastings.〔Greenway ''(Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300: Volume 6: York: Archbishops )''〕
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